Sepsis: Recognise the Signs, Save a Life
Sepsis is a life-threatening medical condition that occurs when the body’s response to an infection causes widespread inflammation. It can lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and even death if not treated promptly.
What Causes Sepsis?
Sepsis usually begins with an infection, which can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. The infection can start anywhere in the body, such as:
Lungs (e.g., pneumonia)
Urinary tract (e.g., urinary tract infections)
Abdominal area (e.g., appendicitis)
Skin (e.g., cellulitis)
Signs and Symptoms:
The symptoms of sepsis can vary, but common signs include:
Fever or shivering
Rapid heart rate or fast breathing
Low blood pressure (can lead to dizziness or confusion)
Confusion or disorientation
Extreme pain or discomfort
Cold, clammy, or pale skin
Decreased urine output
In severe cases, it can lead to septic shock, which is characterised by dangerously low blood pressure and multiple organ failures.
Risk Factors:
Certain groups of people are at higher risk for sepsis, including:
Infants and the elderly
People with weakened immune systems (due to conditions like cancer, HIV, or diabetes)
People with chronic medical conditions (e.g., heart disease, lung disease, or kidney disease)
People who have had major surgery or a serious injury
Treatment:
Sepsis is a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment, typically in a hospital setting. Treatment may include:
Antibiotics (or antifungal medications if the cause is fungal)
IV fluids to maintain blood pressure
Oxygen therapy if breathing is affected
Vasopressors to raise blood pressure if necessary
Support for organ function, such as dialysis if kidneys are affected
Prevention:
While not all cases of sepsis can be prevented, the following steps can reduce the risk:
Promptly treat infections (antibiotics or antivirals as prescribed)
Maintain good hygiene, including regular hand washing
Vaccinations to prevent infections like pneumonia and flu
Proper wound care and treatment of cuts, burns, and scrapes to prevent infection
Importance of Early Recognition:
Recognising sepsis early is critical to successful treatment. If you suspect someone has sepsis, seek emergency medical attention immediately.
When to Seek Medical Help:
If someone has an infection and shows signs of sepsis (such as fever, rapid heartbeat, or confusion), they need to be evaluated by a healthcare professional as soon as possible.
Sepsis is a serious condition, but with quick treatment, the chances of recovery are much higher.
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